Intrinsic Materials – The Text

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The starting point for consideration of the text is that all words have meaning. See Project Blue Sky v Australian Broadcasting Authority (1998) 194 CLR 355 at [71] ‘a court must strive to give meaning to every word of the provision’.

It is presumed that if parliament included a word in the statute it did so for a reason.

Consider:

The ordinary meaning

Technical or legal meaning

Current meaning

Dictionary meaning

Limiting words

Hendiadys

Temporal expressions

Common words and expressions

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